Digestive System of Ruminant Animals

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Types of soil 1.Sandy Soil Sandy soil is coarse in texture with large ,gritty particles .Like the name suggests, sandy soil is mostly made up of sand. Because of the fine grains, water drains easily through this soil and makes it stays pretty dry. It is an easier soil to dig with but it means any plants growing here will need to be well watered. It usually has less organic material in it so needs fertilizer to provide any plants with nutrients  . Sandy soil tends to warm up quickly in the spring because of its light color and the fact that it does not hold much moisture. This can be advantageous for early planting but also means it can overheat and dry out in the summer. Sandy soil is usually formed by the breakdown or fragmentation of rocks like granite , limestone and quartz. 2.Loam Soil Loam soil is known for its ideal balance of the three primarily soil particles: approximately 40% sandy, 40% silt and 20% clay. This balance gives loam a smooth crumby texture that is easy to work wi
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  Ruminant Animals Many different species of ruminant animals are found around the world. Ruminants include cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels. These animals all have a digestive system that is uniquely different from our own. Instead of one compartment to the stomach they have four. Of the four compartments the rumen is the largest section and the main digestive centre. The rumen is filled with billions of tiny microorganisms that are able to break down grass and other coarse vegetation that animals with one stomach (including humans, chickens and pigs) cannot digest. Ruminant animals do not completely chew the grass or vegetation they eat. The partially chewed grass goes into the large rumen where it is stored and broken down into balls of “cud”. When the animal has eaten its fill it will rest and “chew its cud”. The cud is then swallowed once again where it will pass into the next three compartments—the reticulum, the omasum and the true stomach, the aboma
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  Different Farming Systems 1.Monoculture Monoculture is the the agricultural practice of growing of a single type of crop a large area for consecutive seasons or years. This method is widely used in modern industrial agriculture due to to its efficiency in producing large quantities of a single crop such as corn, wheat or soybeans. For example, in the northern part of Namibia, people repeatedly cultivate mahangu on the same field season after season. Advantages of Monoculture Efficiency and Specialization Monoculture allows farmers to specialize in one crop, leading to more efficient farming practices. This specialization often results in higher yields because the techniques, machinery and resources are optimized for that specific crop. Simplified Farming Operations  Since only one crop is grown, tasks like planting, harvesting, and pest control become more straightforward. It also allows for the use of specialized machinery, reducing labor costs and time spent on these operations. In
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